CCNA R&S: قائمة أوامر Cisco الدليل الشامل
تتكون هذه المقاله من قائمة بأوامر CCNA المهمة التي قد تحتاج إلى استخدامها في اختبارات CCNA وفي العالم الواقعي. عند البدء في التحضير لامتحان CCNA ، تبدأ في تطوير مفاهيم حول موضوعات الشبكات المختلفة ، ولكن في العالم الحقيقي عندما ستعمل كمهندس شبكات أو في أي منصب آخر ذي صلة ، ستحتاج إلى معرفة متى وكيفية تطبيق معرفتك CCNA . تهدف هذه المقاله إلى تزويدك بجميع الأوامر اللازمة برسوم توضيحية متعمقة لجعل تعريفك ببيئة تكوين الشبكة حتى تعرف بالضبط الأمر الذي ستستخدمه في موقف معين.
وقد شملت هذه الوظائف جميع أوامر CCNA . قد يحتاج المرشح إلى حل مختبر محاكاة CCNA ، وحل مشكلات التبديل والتوجيه في الشبكات الحقيقية.
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Frame Relay Verification and troubleshoot
حتي موضوعات اخري بالتوفيق للجميع
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CCNA R&S: قائمة أوامر Cisco الدليل الشامل الجزء الاول
Router Basic configuration
Router(config)#hostname R1
Rl(config)#enable secret cisco
Rl(config)#line con 0
Rl(config-line)#password cisco
Rl(config-line)#login
Rl(config-line)»logging synchronous
Rl(config-line)#exec-timeout 30 0
Rl(config-line)#exit
Rl(config)#line vty 0 4
Rl(config-line)#password cisco
Rl(config-line)#login
Rl(config-line)»logging synchronous
Rl(config-line)#exec-timeout 30 0
Rl(config-line)#exit
Rl(config)#line aux 0
Rl(config-line)#password cisco
Rl(config-line)#login
Rl(config-line)Slogging synchronous
Rl(config-line)#exec-timeout 30 0
Rl(config-line)#exit
$ Rl(config)#banner motd
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS IS PROHIBITED
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
$
Rl(config)#alias exec c configure terminal
Rl(config)#alias exec s show ip interface brief
Rl(config)#alias exec sr show running-config
Rl(config)#no ip domain-lookup
Rl(config)#service password-encryption
Rl(config)#ip domain-name example.com
Rl(config)#username admin password cisco
Rl(config)#crypto key generate rsa
How many bits in the modulus [512]: 1024
Rl(config)#ip ssh version 2
Rl(config)#line vty 0 4
Rl(config-line)#login local
Rl(config-line)#transport input telnet ssh This section includes IOS commands that are absolutely identical on both routers and switches, except the part of line aux 0 which is configured only on router because switches do not have an auxiliary port.
Configuring router interfaces
Rl(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#description LINK_T0_L0CAL_LAN_THR0UGH_SW1
Rl(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
Rl(config-if)#no shutdown
Rl(config-if)#exit
Rl(config)#interface serial 0/1/0
R1(config-if)#description WAN_C0NNECTI0N_T0_R2
Rl(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
Rl(config-if)#clock rate 128000
Rl(config-if)#no shutdown
Clock rate is set only on the DCE side, typically the ISP side. On your router which is DTE you don’t need to set clocking.
Configuring Router-On-Stick for vlan routing
Rl(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Rl(config-if)#no shutdown
Rl(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/0.10
Rl(config-subif)# encapsulation dotlq 10
Rl(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
Rl(config-subif)# interface fastEthernet 0/0.20
Rl(config-subif)# encapsulation dotlq 20
Rl(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
Static routes
Rl(config)#ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.128.1 Using next hop
Rl(config)#ip route 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 Serial 0/0
*Note: Exit interface can be used in point-to-point serial links. Using exit interface
Default Route
Rl(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 199
RIPv2 Configuration
Rl(config)#router rip
Rl(config-router)#version 2
Rl(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 (written as an original class A
Rl(config-router)#no autosummary
Rl(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0/0
RIPv2 Verification
Rl#show ip protocols Shows information about the running routing protocol process
Rl#show ip route Shows the entire routing table
Rl#show ip route rip
Shows routes learned via RIP only
Rl#show ip route 10.1.1.1 Shows detailed information about the route to the specified destination network
OSPF Configuration
Enter OSPF router configuration mode:
Rl(config)#router ospf 10 (process ID
Configure one or more network commands to identify which interfaces will run OSPF:
Rl(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Rl(config-router)#network 172.16.8.0 0.0.7.255 area 0
Rl(config-router)#network 192.168.1.254 0.0.0.0 area 1
Configure router ID either by: (Optional)
Using router-id ospf subcommand:
Rl(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
Configuring an IP address on a loopback interface:
Rl(config)#interface loopback 0
Rl(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
Change Hello and Dead intervals per interface: (Optional)
Rl(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 2
Rl(config-if)#ip ospf dead-interval 6
Impact routing choices by tuning interface cost using one of the following ways: (Optional)
– Changing interface cost:
Rl(config-if)#ip ospf cost 55
– Changing interface bandwidth:
Rl(config-if)#bandwidth 128 (Kbps
– Changing the reference bandwidth that used by OSPF to calculate the cost:
Rl(config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000 (Mbps
Disabling OSPF on a certain interface: (Optional)
Rl(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0/0
Configuring OSPF authentication: (Optional)
Type 0 authentication (none):
Rl(config-if)#ip ospf authentication null
Type 1 authentication (clear text):
Rl(config-if)#ip ospf authentication
Rl(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key cisco o Type 2 authentication (md5
Rl(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest
Rl(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 mdS cisco
Configure maximum equal-cost paths: (Optional)
Rl(config-router)#maximum paths 6
OSPF verification
Rl#show ip protocols Shows information about the running routing protocol process
Rl#show ip route Shows the entire routing table
Rl#show ip route ospf Shows routes learned via OSPF only
Rl#show ip ospf neighbors Shows all neighboring routers along with their respective adjacency state
Rl#show ip ospf database Shows all the information contained in the LSDB
Rl#show ip ospf interfaces serial 0/0 Shows detailed information about OSPF running on a specific interface
EIGRP Configuration
Enter EIGRP configuration mode and define AS number:
Rl(config)#router eigrp 121 (AS number
Configure one or more network commands to enable EIGRP on the specified interfaces:
Rl(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
Rl(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
Rl(config-router)#network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
Rl(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
Disable auto summarization: (Optional)
Rl(config-router)#no autosummary
Disable EIGRP on a specific interface: (Optional)
Rl(config-router)#passive-interface serial 0/0
Configure load balancing parameters: (Optional)
Rl(config-router)#maximum-paths 6
Rl(config-router)#variance 4
Change interface Hello and Hold timers: (Optional)
Rl(config-if)#ip hello-interval eigrp 121 3
Rl(config-if)#ip hold-time eigrp 121 10
Impacting metric calculations by tuning BW and delay of the interface: (Optional)
Rl(config-if)#bandwidth 265 (kbps
Rl(config-if)#delay 120 (tens of microseconds
EIGRP Authentication
Create an authentication key chain as follows:
Create a key chain and give it a name:
Rl(config)#key chain MY_KEYS
– Create one or more keys giving them numbers:
Rl(config-keychain)#key 1
– Define the key value:
Rl(config-keychain-key)#key-string 1stKEY
– Define the life time of the keys (optional):
Rl(config-keychain-key)#send-lifetime [start time] [end time
Rl(config-keychain-key)#accept-lifetime [start time] [end time
Enable md5 authentication mode for EIGRP on the interface:
Rl(config-if)#ip authentication mode eigrp 121 md5
Refer to the correct key chain to be used on the interface:
Rl(config-if)#ip authentication key-chain eigrp 121 MY_KEYS
The key-string value and the mode must be the same on both routers. Lifetime options of the keys requires the clock of the routers to be set correctly, better use NTP, or it can cause problems
EIGRP Verification
Rl#show ip route eigrp Shows routes learned via EIGRP only
Rl#show ip eigrp neighbors Shows EIGRP neighbors and status
Rl#show ip eigrp topology Shows EIGRP topology table, including successor and feasible successor
Rl#show ip eigrp interfaces Shows interfaces that run EIGRP
Rl#show ip eigrp traffic Lists statistics on numbers of EIGRP messages sent and received by the router
Access Control Lists (ACLs
Standard ACL
Plane the location (router and interface) and direction (in or out) on that interface:
– Standard ACL should be placed as close as possible to the destination of the packet.
– Identify the source IP addresses of packets as they go in the direction that the ACL is examining.
Use a remark to describe the ACL: (Optional):
Rl(config)#access-list 1 remark ACL TO DENY ACCESS FROM SALES VLAN
Create the ACL, keeping the following in mind:
– ACL uses first-match logic.
– There is an implicit deny any at the end of the ACL.
Rl(config)#access-list 2 deny 192.168.1.77
Rl(config)#access-list 2 deny 192.168.1.64 0.0.0.31
Rl(config)#access-list 2 permit 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
Rl(config)#access-list 2 deny 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
Rl(config)#access-list 2 permit any
Enable the ACL on the chosen router interface in the correct direction (in or out):
Rl(config-if)#ip access-group 2 out
Standard ACL number ranges: 1-99 and 1300 – 1999.
Using standard ACL to limit telnet and SSH access to a router:
Create the ACL that defines the permitted telnet clients:
Rl(config)#access-list 99 remark ALLOWED TELNET CLIENTS
Rl(config)#access-list 99 permit 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.15
– apply the ACL inbound the vty lines
Rl(config)#line vty 0 4
Rl(config-line)#access-class 99 in
Extended ACL
Note:
– Extended ACL should be placed as close as possible to the source of the packet.
– Extended ACL matches packets based on source & des. IP addresses, protocol, source & des. Port numbers and other criteria as well.
Rl(config)#access-list 101 remark MY_ACCESS_LIST
Rl(config)#access-list 101 deny ip host 10.1.1.1 host 10.2.2.2
Rl(config)#access-list 101 deny tcp 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 any eq 23
Rl(config)#access-list 101 deny icmp 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 any
Rl(config)#access-list 101 deny tcp host 10.1.1.0 host 10.0.0.1 eq 80
Rl(config)#access-list 101 deny udp host 10.1.1.7 eq 53 any
Rl(config)#access-list 101 permit ip any any
Rl(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
Rl(config-if)#ip access-group 101 in
Extended ACL number ranges: 100 – 199 and 2000 – 2699.
Named ACL
Note:
– Named ACLs use names to identify ACLs rather than numbers, and commands that permit or deny traffic are written in a sub mode called named ACL mode (nacl).
– Named ACL enables the editing of the ACL (deleting or inserting statements) by sequencing statements of the ACL.
Named standard ACL:
Rl(config)#ip access-list standard MY_STANDARD_ACL
Rl(config-std-nacl)#permit 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
Rl(config-std-nacl)#deny 10.2.2.2
Rl(config-std-nacl)#permit any
Rl(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
Rl(config-if)#ip access-group MY_STANDARD_ACL out
Named extended ACL:
Rl(config)#ip access-list extended MY_EXTENDED_ACL
Rl(config-ext-nacl)#deny icmp 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 any
Rl(config-ext-nacl)#deny tcp host 10.1.1.0 host 10.0.0.1 eq 80
Rl(config-ext-nacl)# permit ip any any
Rl(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
Rl(config-if)#ip access-group MY_EXTENDED_ACL in
Editing ACL using sequence numbers:
Rl(config)#ip access-list extended MY_EXTENDED_ACL
Rl(config-ext-nacl)#no 20 (deletes the statement of sequence number 20)
Rl(config)#ip access-list standard 99
Rl(config-std-nacl)#5 deny 1.1.1.1 (inserts a statement with sequence 5)
You can edit numbered ACLs using the configuration style of the named ACLs in as shown in the last example.
Verifying ACLs
Rl#show access-lists Shows all ACLs configured on a router with counters at the end of each statement
Rl#show ip access-list Same as the previous command
Rl#show ip access-list 101 Shows only the specified ACL
Rl#show ip interface f0/0 Includes a reference to the on that interface either in ACLs enabled or out.
DHCP Server
Define a DHCP pool and give it a name:
Rl(config)#ip dhcp pool MY_POOL
Define network and mask to use in this pool and the default gateway:
R1(dhcp-config)»network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255
R1(dhcp-config)»default-router 192.168.1.1
Define one or more DNS server (OPTIONAL):
R1(dhcp-config)»dns-server 213.131.65.20 8.8.8.8
Confine the lease time (OPTIONAL):
Rl(dhcp-config)lease 2 (days
Define one or more scopes of excluded (reserved) addresses (OPTIONAL):
Rl(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.100
Rl(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.254
DHCP Verification and Troubleshooting
Rl»show ip dhcp pool POOL_1 shows the status of the specified pool and the leased addresses from that pool
Rl»show ip dhcp binding Shows all the leased ip addresses from all configured DHCP pools
Rl»show ip dhcp conflict Shows any conflicts that occurred
PPP Configuration
Rl(config)#interface serial 0/0
Rl(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
PPP Authentication
CHAP
Configure the hostname:
Rl(config)#hostname ALPHA
Configure the name of the other end router and the shared password:
ALPHA(config)#username BETA password XYZ
Enable CHAP authentication on the interface:
ALPHA(config)#interface serial 0/0 ALPHA(config-if)#ppp authentication chap
The password used is shared password, that means it must be the same on both routers
PAP
Configure the hostname:
Rl(config)#hostname ALPHA
Configure the name of the other end router and the shared password:
ALPHA(config)#username BETA password XYZ
Enable PAP authentication on the interface and define the username and password to be sent by PAP:
ALPHA(config)#interface serial 0/0
ALPHA(config-if)#ppp authentication pap
ALPHA(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username ALPHA password XYZ
PPP Verification and troubleshoot
R1#show interface s0/0 Shows the encapsulation type and the
control protocols of PPP
R1#show run Useful for viewing the configuration of usernames and passwords used to authenticate ppp
R1#debug ppp authentication Displays the authentication process of ppp in real time
Frame Relay
Multipoint (one subnet)
Give the interface an ip address and enable Frame Relay encapsulation:
Rl(config)#interface serial 0/0
Rl(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
Rl(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay (ietf)
Configure LMI signaling type: (Optional as discussed with ISP)
Rl(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type ansi
(options: ansi, cisco, q933a)
Configure Frame Relay mapping:
Rl(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 1.1.1.2 102 broadcast (ietf
Rl(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 1.1.1.3 103 broadcast
R2(config)#interface serial 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if )#frame-relay map ip 1.1.1.1 201 broadcast
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 1.1.1.3 201 broadcast
R3(config)#interface serial 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 1.1.1.1 301 broadcast
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 1.1.1.2 301 broadcast
Point-to-point (different subnets; one subnet per subinterface)
Enable Frame Relay encapsulation:
Rl(config)#interface serial 0/0 Rl(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Give an ip address to a subinterface and configure its DLCI
Rl(config)#interface serial 0/0.102 point-to-point
Rl(config-subif)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
Rl(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102
Rl(config)#interface serial 0/0.103 point-to-point
Rl(config-subif)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0
Rl(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 103
R2(config)#interface serial 0/0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config)#interface serial 0/0.201 point-to-point
R2(config-subif)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 201
R3(config)#interface serial 0/0
R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config)#interface serial 0/0.301 point-to-point
R3(config-subif)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 301
Frame Relay Verification and troubleshoot
Rl#show interfaces serial 0/0 Shows the encapsulation type
Rl#show frame-relay PVC Lists PVC status information
Rl#show frame-relay map Lists DLCI to IP mapping
Rl#show frame-relay lmi Lists LMI status information
Rl#debug frame-relay lmi Displays the content of LMI messages
Rl#debug frame-relay events Lists messages about certain Frame Relay events, including Inverse ARP messaeges
Network Address Translation (NAT
Static NAT
Define the outside and inside interfaces:
Rl(config)#interface serial 0/0
Rl(config-if)#ip nat outside
Rl(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/1
Rl(config-if)#ip nat inside
Configure static NAT statement:
Rl(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.10 200.1.1.1
Dynamic NAT
Define the outside and inside interfaces:
Create an ACL that determines the IP addresses that are allowed to be translated:
Rl(config)#access-list 3 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
Create a pool of public IP addresses:
Rl(config)#ip nat pool PUB 200.1.1.1 200.1.1.6 netmask 255.255.255.248
Configure NAT statement:
Rl(config)#ip nat inside source list 3 pool PUB
NAT Overload (PAT
The same as dynamic NAT with the use of the overload keyword at the end of NAT statement:
Rl(config)#ip nat inside source list 3 pool PUB overload
NAT verification and troubleshoot
Rl#show run Useful in viewing the configuration of NAT pool and the inside and outside interfaces
Rl#show access-lists Displays access lists, including the one used for NAT
Rl#show ip nat stasitics Shows counters for packets and NAT table entries, as well as basic configuration information
Rl#show ip nat translations Displays the NAT table
Rl#clear ip nat translations * Clears all the dynamic entries in the NAT table
Rl#debug ip nat Issues a log message describing each packet whose ip address is translated with NAT
حتي موضوعات اخري بالتوفيق للجميع
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